小升初英语专题讲解六 名词

第六讲名词基本词汇mango芒果tomato西红柿potato土豆knife小刀thief小偷leaf树叶wife妻子shelf架子life生活；生命wolf狼half一半strawberry /'strɔ:bəri/ n.草莓milk /milk/ n.牛奶bread /bred/ n.面包food /fu:d/ n.食物vegetable /'vedʒitəbl/ n.蔬菜fruit /fru:t/ n.水果carrot /'kærət/ n.胡萝卜rice /rais/ n.大米；米饭chicken /'tʃikin/ n.鸡肉sock /sɔk/ n.短袜shorts n.(pl.)短裤sweater /'swetə/ n.毛衣trousers n.(pl.)裤子shoe /ʃu:/ n.鞋skirt /skə:t/ n.裙子clothes /kləuðz/ n.(pl.)衣服；服装woman /'wumən/ n.女子man/mæn/男子mouse[maʊs]老鼠child[tʃaɪld]foot[fʊt]goose[gu:s]fish[fɪʃ]n.鱼，鱼肉，鱼类;Chinese[tʃaɪˈni:z]n.中文;汉语;华人;中国人Japanese[ˌdʒæpə'ni:z]n.日语;日本sheep[ʃi:p]n.羊，绵羊deer[dɪə(r)]n.鹿tooth[tu:θ]n.齿;牙soup[su:p]n.汤，羹;housework家务homework作业news新闻meat肉类beef牛肉mutton羊肉pork猪肉paper纸张advice建议work工作重点短语集锦eatinghabit饮食习惯tapeplayer 录音机modelplane 飞机模型halfanhour半个小时myfamilyphoto=aphotoofmyfamily我的家庭照片whatkindof什么类型differentkindsof不同种类的befriendlytosb对……友好知识讲解名词的定义表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词与不可数名词可数名词--单数--复数a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；读音：清辅音后读，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。b．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；读音：[iz]。c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries；读音：[z]。d．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况有生命的+es,读音：[z]mango-mangoestomato-tomatoespotato-potatoes无生命的+s,读音：[z]photo-photose．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，读音：[z]，knife-knives,thief-thieves；半片树叶半片黄，妻子拿刀去砍狼，架下小偷逃命忙。half,leaf,wife,knife,wolf,shelf,thief,lifehalves,leaves,wives,knives,wolves,shelves,thieves,lives练习--写出下列单词的复数形式peach--____________,dress--____________monkey--____________boy--____________body--____________,baby--____________,library--____________,leaf--____________wife--____________knife--____________thief--____________shelf--____________life--____________radio--____________zoo____________family--____________school--____________photo--____________picture--____________eraser--____________box--____________dictionary--____________watch--____________computer--____________notebook--____________bag--____________classroom--____________basketball--____________hamburger--____________tomato--____________birthday--____________subject--____________lesson--____________hour--____________potato--____________zoo--____________life--____________student--____________geography--____________history--____________sister__________parent__________girl__________dog__________telephone__________number__________friend__________map__________cup__________ruler__________orange__________jacket__________key__________quilt__________f.不规则名词复数：man--men,woman--women,mouse--mice,child--children,foot--feet,tooth-teeth,goose—geeseg.单复同形:fish-fish,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,sheep--sheep,deer--deerh.常用作复数形式：vegetables,clothes,sports,shorts,pants,trousers,jeans.i.集合名词class,people,2)不可数名词液体类：water,tea,coffee,milk,yogurt,cola,juice,soup食物：food,bread,rice,肉类：meat,beef,mutton,pork,其他：paper,news,advice,fruit,homework,housework,work,food3)既可数又不可数的名词chicken,duck,fish，orange,复合名词的单复数复合词通常由两个或者两个以上自由词组成.1)以两个名词构成的复合名词（不包括前面的名词为man和woman的），一般把后面的名词变为复数。paperbag→paperbags...以man或者woman为前缀的名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数。womanteacher:女教师→womenteachers女教师们；mandoctor：男医生→mendoctors男医生们...练习--写出下列复合名词的复数形式boystudentgirlnursemannurseappletreemodelplanetapeplayerfamilymembercountryroadwomandriver名词所有格在英语中，要表示“某个（些）人的”时，可以在某个（些）人后加’s来表示所有关系，这种形式我们称为所有格。Mike的父亲：Mike’sfather,我妈妈的名字：mymother’sname构成1)单数名词加’s.2)以s结尾的复数名词加’读音不变。如theteachers’room(老师们的房间)表共同所有，在最后一个名词后加“’s”。JimandTom’smother吉姆和汤姆的母亲（共同所有）表各自所有，在每个名词后加“’s”Jim’sroomandTom’sroomarebig.吉姆的房间和汤姆的房间都很大。（各自所有）JimandTom’sroomisbig.of表示所属关系myfamilyphoto=aphotoofmyfamilyamapofChina翻译小练Leo的字典。老师们的办公室。我祖父母的房间。我爸妈的照片。李磊的房子。奥巴马的朋友。习近平的妻子。Susan和Lily共同的爱好。Susan和Lily各自的钥匙。中国的历史。学生们的教室。儿童节。人民医院。Lucy的生日。玛丽和苏珊的英语老师。汤姆的父亲和彼得的父亲。今天的报纸。Tony的尺子。五个小时的步行路程。三小时的车程。不可数名词1)不可数名词没有复数形式。2)不可数名词的数量表示练习一瓶水一杯酒一壶茶一张纸一杯咖啡两杯咖啡三箱饮料一片面包三片面包一斤水果一瓶可乐一碗汤小升初真题分类演练--名词I.单项选择()IsLucyfrom____?SheknowsalotaboutEnglishpeople.A.EnglandB.EnglishC.China()Iwanttofindagoodbook.I'mgoingtothe____.A.cinemaB.libraryC.museumD.supermarket()Whereareyour____?A.teacherB.friendC.sheep()--WhatcanIdoforyou,madam?--I'dliketwo____．A.bottleofmilkBbottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks()I'vegotatoothache.I'mgoingtothe____.A.parkB.dentistC.teacher()Americansspeak____,youknow.A.ChineseB.JapaneseC.EnglishD.American()TheredT-shirtisfive_______.A.yuanB.poundC.dollar()--Wouldyoulikesome_______?--No,thankyou.I'mnothungryatall.A.teaB.waterC.breadD.coffee()--Whatkindofvegetablesdoyouofteneatfordinner?--_____.A.ChickenB.MilkC.Tomatoes()--I'dlikesomethingtoread.--OK.Here'resome_______．A.CDsB.pencilsC.photosD.books()Therestaurantissopopular.Look,therearesomany______here.A.foodB.dishC.peopleD.waiter()Thisis____room.A.JackandLindaB.JackandLinda'sC.Jack'sandLinda'sD.Jack'sandLinda()Thepresentis____；it'sfrom_______．A.Tom's;Grandpa'sB.Tom's;GrandpaC.Tom;Grandpa'sD.Tom;Grandpa()Mrs.Sunisafriendof______.A.Mary'smotherB.motherofMaryC.Mary'smother's()Thedressesare____.AtwinsB.thetwins'sC.thetwinsD.thetwins'()It'sa_______.A.myfamily'spictureBmyfamilyphotoCphotoofmyfamilyD.photosofmyfamily()Gototh