25小学英语语法;被动被动语态

单击此处编辑母版标题样式单击此处编辑母版文本样式第二级第三级第四级第五级单击此处编辑母版标题样式单击此处编辑母版文本样式第二级第三级第四级第五级.thePassiveVoice（被动语态）princessHi,Everyone!WecalltheprincessLaura.TheprincessiscalledLaura.ActivevoicePassivevoiceThelightswereturnedoffbyTom.Thewindowsarecleanedeveryweek.Millie’sclosedthedoor.TheTVwasturnedon.Theboymadeamodelplane.Atotal(总数)of8questionsareanswered.orActivePassivePassivePassiveActivePassiveActivePassive一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语谓语(vt.)宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。Readtext-2Whencanweusethepassivevoice?不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。Mybikewasstolenlastnight.昨晚我的自行车被偷了。Lettersarecollectedateighteverymorning.信件每天早晨八点收取。ThedeskwasmadebyMasterWang.这张课桌是王师傅做的。Thebagwastakenawaybyhissister.那个包是她姐姐提走的。2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。 1.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.  Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.3.PeopleplanttreesinSpring.TreesareplantedbypeopleinSpring.4.Hismotherusuallywashesdishesafterdinner.Dishesareusuallywashedbyhismotherafterdinner.5.MoreandmorepeoplespeakChineseintheworld.Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.二、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般将来时： 一般过去将来时： 现在进行时： 过去进行时： 现在完成时： 过去完成时:将来完成时： 过去将来完成时：  am/is/are+donewas/were+doneshall/will+bedone(is/aregoingtobedone)should/would+bedoneam/is/are+being+donewas/were+being+donehave/has+been+donehad+been+doneshall/will+havebeen+doneshould/would+havebeen+done三、常见时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthelibrarywithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthelibrarywithoutateacher.2.一般过去时：(1)Mycousinboughtabookyesterday.Thebookwasboughtbymycousinyesterday.(2)Shedesignedthefashionclothes.Thefashionclothesweredesignedbyher.(3)Theydidn’tspeakEnglishafterclassEnglishwasn’tspokenbythemafterclass.3.一般将来时：(1)Herparentswillsendherabroad.Shewillbesentabroadbyherparents.(2)Wearegoingtoholdasportsmeetingtomorrow.Asportsmeetingisgoingtobeholdtomorrow.4.现在进行时：(1)Theyaredoingtheirhomeworkonthecomputernow.Theirhomeworkisbeingdoneonthecomputernow.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpaintedbyus.5.过去进行时：(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroadat7yesterday.Theroadwasbeingmendedat7yesterday.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.6.现在完成时：(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.四、含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。结构：can/may/must/should+be+p.p(1)Youmusthandinyourarticlesafterclass.Yourarticlesmustbehandedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwritemanyletterswiththecomputer.Manyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.1.Someonemusttakecareofthechildrenwhenwegoout.Thechildrenmustbetakencareofwhenwegoout.2.Youshoulddoyourworkinanhour.Yourworkshouldbedoneinanhour.3.Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomorrow’smeeting.Theproblemshallbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.1).不及物动词(或者词组)没有被动语态。如：belongto,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,die,arrive,等。*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.五、不用被动语态的几种情况：不用被动语态的几种情况：2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have/fit/ownIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。4)反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter不用被动语态的几种情况：主动形式表被动意义①感官系动词没有被动语态feel，look,seem,taste,sound,smell等这鱼味道很好。Thefishtastesgood.这条围巾摸上去很软。Thescarffeelssoft.这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。Thebooksellswell.Thiskindofclothwashesverywell.这书卖完了。Thebookissoldout.②有些动词既是及物又是不及物动词，用作不及物动词时和well,badly,easily等副词连用，表示主语内在品质或性能。如：write,grow,print,sell,wash等Thehouseneedscleaning.房子需要打扫了。Thehouseneedstobecleaned.③在need,want,等少数表示“需要”的动词六、几种值得注意的被动语态变化．１带复合宾语的被动语态构．（S+V+O+OC）（１）makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome.JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome.(2)seesb.dosb.beseentodoIoftenseehimplayfootball.Heisoftenseentoplayfootball.（3）Weoftenhearthemsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).一感feel(Vt.)二听hear/listento三让let/make/have四看see/watch/lookat/notice等变为被动语态市，必须加上to.makesbdoseesbdohearsbdoletsbdowatchsbdo主动被动sbbemadetodosbbeenseentodosbbeheardtodosbbelettodosbbewatchedtodoBobsentKatealetterlastyear.=KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear.=AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear.2.双宾语结构的被动语态（SVIODO）1.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.Hegavemeabook.(变被动）主语谓语间宾直宾2.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Mummademeanewdress.(改被动)IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum.Mymotherboughtmeabirthdaycake.主语谓语间宾直宾1.Iwasboughtabirthdaycakebymymother.2.Abirthdaycakewasboughtformebymymother.Theysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.3.Itisreported/据报道believed/人们相信hoped/人们希望saidthat......据说……4.WholockedthedoorlastWednesday?BywhomwasthedoorlockedlastWednesday?1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areu