高考英语阅读完型专题03 阅读理解说明文-高考英语阅读完形名校好题100篇(原卷版)

阅读理解说明文2022·北京·人大附中校考三模2022·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考一模2022·吉林长春·长春吉大附中实验学校校考模拟预测2023·浙江舟山·舟山中学校考模拟预测2022·山东·山东省实验中学校考模拟预测2022·湖北武汉·武汉二中校考模拟预测2022·广东·华南师大附中校考一模2022·重庆·重庆一中校考模拟预测2021·四川成都·成都外国语学校校考模拟预测2022·全国·高考真题A（2022·北京·人大附中校考三模）Theartoffabricdyeingisanancientonedatingbackto3500BC．Overthecenturieswehumanshavesoughttobrightenourappearancewithclothingthatreflectsthevibrantnaturalcoloursseeninnature,andmanycolourantswereoriginallysourcedfromthenaturalworldaroundus.Wastechemicalsfromthedyesthemselvesareoftenhighlytoxic—Azodyeswhichaccountfor60—70percentofalldyesusedbecometoxicwhenbrokendownandmetabolized—andthefixingagentsusedwhichcancontainformaldehydandchlorinecompounds,arenobetter,withlinkstoallergiesandcancer,notonlyhazardoustohumansbutalsototheenvironment.Whensyntheticdyeswerediscoveredin1856anevengreaterarrayofcoloursbecamepossible,andwiththeadventoftheindustrialrevolutionthefabricindustryboomed.Inthemodernage,consumerdemandfuelsthefashionhousesandcolourisking:butthedyeingoffabricscomesataprice.Intotalover8000chemicalshavebeenidentifiedasbeingusedinthedyeingprocess,manyofwhichhavebeennotedashazardoustohealth.Addtothisthevastamountofwaterrequiredforthedyeingprocessinwhichhugewaterbathsareneededateverystageoftheprocessandwecanseewhytheindustryisoneofthemostenvironmentallydamagingonearth,responsibleforatleast17—20percentoftotalwaterpollution.Soisthereanotherway?WellsyntheticbiologistOrrYarkonicertainlythinksso.HiscompanyColorifixhavepioneeredanewtechniquewhichbypassestraditionaldyeingtechniquesinfavourofanapproachbasedonnature’sownmethods.Ratherthanfightingnaturehebelievesweneedtotapintoitinordertosolvethecomplexenvironmentalissuesthatchallengeustoday.“Colorifixisverymuchinspiredfromnature”hesays,“naturehascreatedawholepaletteofcoloursthatweseeonadailybasis”.Sourcingcoloursfromarangeofnaturalpigments,hethenengineersmicroorganismsusingDNAtoconvertagriculturalby-productsintodyes.Whenthemicroorganismsburst,they“fix”thecolourtothefabric,thusreducingtheneedformassiveamountsofwater.Theorganismsthemselvescanbegrown,orfermented,oncetheDNAcodeforthenecessarycolouranthasbeenimplantedandthisnaturalreproductionisfastandefficient.Overallthewholeprocessuseslesswater,produceslesswaste,andneedsfarlesschemicals.Anewwayforwardinspiredbynature.1．Accordingtothepassage,dyeingfabricscomesatapricebecause________.A．ThedyeingmaterialsarepoisonousB．ThedyeingmaterialsareratherexpensiveC．ThedyeingprocesspollutestheenvironmentD．Thedyeingprocessneedsplentyofwater2．WhatisafeatureofthedyeingtechniqueproposedbyColorifix?A．Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.B．Ittakesalongertimetoacquirerawmaterials.C．Itemploysnaturalcolorwhichdoesnotstaylong.D．Itneedslesswaterbutproducespoisonouspollutants.3．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Thedyeingprocesscanbepollutionfree.B．Dyeingfabricscausesthemainpollutants.C．Thecolorofnatureonlycomesfromplants.D．Humanhasalonghistoryofpursuingbeautiful“color”.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Breathinglifeintoadyeingart B．HistoryofdyeingindustryC．Unknowndangerbehinddyeing D．ColorcomeswithapriceB（2022·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考一模）MetinSittiattheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligentSystemsinStuttgart,Germany,andhiscolleagueshavedevelopedtinyrobotscalled“microrollers”thatcancarrycancerdrugsandselectivelytargethumanbreastcancercells.Theteamdrewinspirationforthedesignoftherobotsfromwhitebloodcellsinthehumanbody,whichcanmovealongthewallsofbloodvessels(血管)againstthedirectionofbloodflow.Themicrorollersareroundandmadefromglassmicroparticles.Onehalfoftherobotwascoatedwithathinmagneticnanofilm(磁性纳米膜)madefromnickelandgold.Theotherhalfwascoatedwiththecancerdrugdoxorubicinaswellasmoleculesthatrecognizecancercells.Theteamtestedtherobotsusingmousebloodandartificialchannelslinedwithhumanendothelialcells—thekindofcellsthatlinetheinnerwallsofourbloodvessels.Therobotswereexposedtoamixtureofcancerousandhealthytissue.ThemicrorollersselectivelyattachedtothecancercellsandwereactivatedusingUVlighttoreleasethedoxorubicin.Byapplyingmagneticfields,theteamwasabletocontrolthemovementofthemicrorollers,bothwithandagainsttheflowofblood.Themicrorollerscanreachaspeedofupto600micrometerspersecond.“Ifyoucometoaspotwhereyouneedtotaketherightpathandifyoumissit,thenyoucouldgobackandgototherightone,”saysSetti.Infuture,theresearcherswanttouseothermethodstostartthedrugrelease,suchasheatornear-infraredlight.Theyalsoplantotrymakingmicrorollersoutofmaterialsthatwouldbreakdowninthebodyoverafewweeksormonths.Theteamhopestotestthemicrorollersinanimalssoon.“Therollersneedtocarryenoughcancerdrugs,whichiswhyweneedtohavetheminlargenumbers,”saysSetti.“Butsincewecanlocallytakedrugstotherighttarget,wedon’tneedhugedosages(剂量).”5．Whatcanthemicrorollersbeusedfor?A．Repairingbloodcells.B．Deliveringdrugs. C．Improvingbloodflow.D．Performingoperations.6．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutthemicrorollers?A．Theirshape. B．Theiradvantage. C．Theirdesign. D．Theirapplication.7．WhatcanwelearnabouttherobotsfromParagraph4?A．Theirdirectioncanbeadjusted. B．Theymightmissthetargetcells.C．Theymightgetstuckinthebl