专题21 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解新闻报道狂练30篇（五年真题+最新模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮

2024年新高考英语二轮复习【培优小题狂练】专题21【培优小题狂练】阅读理解新闻报道狂练30篇（五年真题+最新模拟）解析版【三年考情回顾】年份卷次主题语境题型分类2022年全国甲卷人与自然：会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉2个细节理解题1个推理判断题1个主旨大意题2020年全国III卷人与社会：影视作品动物拍摄数字虚拟化1个细节理解题1个推理判断题1个猜词词义题1个主旨大意题2019年全国I卷人与社会：固定电话是非必需品2个细节理解题2个推理判断题【题型应对策略】一、选材特点、文体特征和命题特点新闻报道的第一句往往为全文的中心句(topicsentence)，因此在这个句子中主要讲清what(事件)，when(时间)，where(地点)和who(人物)，而在下文则要补充事件的过程和细节，往往包括why(目的或原因)和how(具体过程)等。新闻报道的一些常用语包括Itisreportedthat...，Asisreported...，Accordingtothereport...，Itisestimatedthat...等。新闻报道亦为记叙文，时态一般要用过去时；主句、从句结构清晰，语言客观平实，往往没有过分花哨的词汇和过于复杂的句型。主要具有以下特点：选材新闻报道要突出新闻性，作者应避免对该新闻事件进行主观判断和评价。内容新闻报道的内容真实、新鲜、及时、重要、趣味可读，时效性极强。结构标题＋导语＋正文＋结束语（倒三角形，越往后越不重要）语言短小精悍(常用代词)；客观真实(被动语态和间接引语的使用)。命题题型主要为观点推断题；考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容；考查主旨归纳题，文体判断题（Anewsreport）。二、新闻报道应对策略新闻报道主要是提供事实信息，一般是简单叙述事件发生的五要素，事件经过和各方反应，很少去探究事件背后深层次的原因。新闻报道的体裁主要有消息、通讯，通常采用记叙的方式来讲清事实(即时间、地点、人物、事件、原因)，强调用事实说话，注重准确客观。因此，做题时要关注新闻报道的结构和细节。具体答题策略如下：【高考真题再练】1.（2022全国甲卷B篇）Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.24.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions. B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround. D.Byremovingthelid.25.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor. B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole. D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.26.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee. B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys. D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers B.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-Readers D.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters24-27BCDD【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。24.B。事实细节题根据第一段中的第二句Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.以及该段最后两句...thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.可知，凤头鹦鹉在笼子里使用工具很熟练，给它们形状不同的“钥匙”以供选择，插入正确的“钥匙”就能把盒子里的坚果取出来。25.C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage(在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。26.D。推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues,oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.(根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。27.D。主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.(科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters(凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。2.（2020全国III卷B篇）WhenRiseofthePlanetoftheApeswasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!ThecreativeteambehindApesusedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.YetApesismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,includingWaterforElephants,TheHangoverPartⅡandZookeeper,havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmoni