高考英语阅读完型专题03 阅读理解说明文-高考英语阅读完形名校好题100篇(解析版)

阅读理解说明文2022·北京·人大附中校考三模2022·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考一模2022·吉林长春·长春吉大附中实验学校校考模拟预测2023·浙江舟山·舟山中学校考模拟预测2022·山东·山东省实验中学校考模拟预测2022·湖北武汉·武汉二中校考模拟预测2022·广东·华南师大附中校考一模2022·重庆·重庆一中校考模拟预测2021·四川成都·成都外国语学校校考模拟预测2022·全国·高考真题A（2022·北京·人大附中校考三模）Theartoffabricdyeingisanancientonedatingbackto3500BC．Overthecenturieswehumanshavesoughttobrightenourappearancewithclothingthatreflectsthevibrantnaturalcoloursseeninnature,andmanycolourantswereoriginallysourcedfromthenaturalworldaroundus.Wastechemicalsfromthedyesthemselvesareoftenhighlytoxic—Azodyeswhichaccountfor60—70percentofalldyesusedbecometoxicwhenbrokendownandmetabolized—andthefixingagentsusedwhichcancontainformaldehydandchlorinecompounds,arenobetter,withlinkstoallergiesandcancer,notonlyhazardoustohumansbutalsototheenvironment.Whensyntheticdyeswerediscoveredin1856anevengreaterarrayofcoloursbecamepossible,andwiththeadventoftheindustrialrevolutionthefabricindustryboomed.Inthemodernage,consumerdemandfuelsthefashionhousesandcolourisking:butthedyeingoffabricscomesataprice.Intotalover8000chemicalshavebeenidentifiedasbeingusedinthedyeingprocess,manyofwhichhavebeennotedashazardoustohealth.Addtothisthevastamountofwaterrequiredforthedyeingprocessinwhichhugewaterbathsareneededateverystageoftheprocessandwecanseewhytheindustryisoneofthemostenvironmentallydamagingonearth,responsibleforatleast17—20percentoftotalwaterpollution.Soisthereanotherway?WellsyntheticbiologistOrrYarkonicertainlythinksso.HiscompanyColorifixhavepioneeredanewtechniquewhichbypassestraditionaldyeingtechniquesinfavourofanapproachbasedonnature’sownmethods.Ratherthanfightingnaturehebelievesweneedtotapintoitinordertosolvethecomplexenvironmentalissuesthatchallengeustoday.“Colorifixisverymuchinspiredfromnature”hesays,“naturehascreatedawholepaletteofcoloursthatweseeonadailybasis”.Sourcingcoloursfromarangeofnaturalpigments,hethenengineersmicroorganismsusingDNAtoconvertagriculturalby-productsintodyes.Whenthemicroorganismsburst,they“fix”thecolourtothefabric,thusreducingtheneedformassiveamountsofwater.Theorganismsthemselvescanbegrown,orfermented,oncetheDNAcodeforthenecessarycolouranthasbeenimplantedandthisnaturalreproductionisfastandefficient.Overallthewholeprocessuseslesswater,produceslesswaste,andneedsfarlesschemicals.Anewwayforwardinspiredbynature.1．Accordingtothepassage,dyeingfabricscomesatapricebecause________.A．ThedyeingmaterialsarepoisonousB．ThedyeingmaterialsareratherexpensiveC．ThedyeingprocesspollutestheenvironmentD．Thedyeingprocessneedsplentyofwater2．WhatisafeatureofthedyeingtechniqueproposedbyColorifix?A．Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.B．Ittakesalongertimetoacquirerawmaterials.C．Itemploysnaturalcolorwhichdoesnotstaylong.D．Itneedslesswaterbutproducespoisonouspollutants.3．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Thedyeingprocesscanbepollutionfree.B．Dyeingfabricscausesthemainpollutants.C．Thecolorofnatureonlycomesfromplants.D．Humanhasalonghistoryofpursuingbeautiful“color”.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Breathinglifeintoadyeingart B．HistoryofdyeingindustryC．Unknowndangerbehinddyeing D．Colorcomeswithaprice【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。织物染色的艺术是一门古老的艺术，可以追溯到公元前3500年。几个世纪以来，我们人类一直在追求用能反映自然界中生机勃勃的自然色彩的服装来照亮我们的外表，而许多色彩最初都来自我们的自然界。但是染色织物是有代价的，因为它的染色过程对环境有很大的危害。合成生物家OrrYarkoni认为，为了解决今天挑战我们的复杂的环境问题，我们需要利用自然，而不是与自然斗争。为此，OrrYarkoni的公司Colorifix开创了一种新技术，绕过传统的染色技术，采用一种基于自然本身的方法。1．C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Intotalover8000chemicalshavebeenidentifiedasbeingusedinthedyeingprocess,manyofwhichhavebeennotedashazardoustohealth.Addtothisthevastamountofwaterrequiredforthedyeingprocessinwhichhugewaterbathsareneededateverystageoftheprocessandwecanseewhytheindustryisoneofthemostenvironmentallydamagingonearth,responsibleforatleast17—20percentoftotalwaterpollution.(在染色过程中总共使用了8000多种化学品，其中许多已被指出对健康有害。再加上染色过在染色过程的每一个阶段都需要大量水洗的过程中所需的大量的水。我们可以看到这个造成地球上17%——20%水污染的行业为什么是地球上最危害环境的行业之一。)可知染色织物有代价的原因是因为它的染色过程对环境有很大的危害。故选C。2．A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Overallthewholeprocessuseslesswater,produceslesswaste,andneedsfarlesschemicals.(总的来说，整个过程使用更少的水，产生更少的废物，需要更少的化学品。)”可知由Colorifix所提出的染色技术的特点是环保的。故选A。3．D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Theartoffabricdyeingisanancientonedatingbackto3500BC.Overthecenturieswehumanshavesoughttobrightenourappearancewithclothingthatreflectsthevibrantnaturalcoloursseeninnature,andmanycolourantswereoriginallysourcedfromthenaturalworldaroundus.(织物染色的艺术是一门古老的艺术，可以追溯到公元前3500年。几个世纪以来，我们人类一直在追求用能反映自然界中生机勃勃的自然色彩的服装来照亮我们的外表，而许多色彩最初都来自我们的自然界。)”可知人类在追求美丽色彩方面的历史悠久。故选D。4．A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“Soisthereanotherway?WellsyntheticbiologistOrrYarkonicertainlythinksso.HiscompanyColorifixhavepioneeredanewtechniquewhichbypassestraditionaldyeingtechniquesinfavourofanapproachbasedonnature’sownmethods.Ratherthanfightingnaturehebelievesweneedtotapintoitinordertosolvethecomplexenvironmentalissuesthatchallengeustoday.(因此有其他的办法吗？合成生物家OrrYarkoni肯定这么认为。他的公司Colorifix开创了一种新技术，绕过传统的染色技术，采用一种基于自然本身的方法。他认为，为了解决今天挑战我们的复杂的环境问题，我们需要利用自然，而不是与自然斗争。)”以及文章第六段“Colorifixisverymuchinspiredfromnature”hesays,“naturehascreatedawholepaletteofcoloursthatweseeonadailybasis.(他说：“色彩的灵感在很大程度上来自于自然”，自然造就了一整套我们每天都能看到的各种颜色。)”以及文章最后一段“Anewwayforwa