专题14 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“细节理解”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮

2024年新高考英语二轮复习【培优小题狂练】专题14阅读理解“细节理解”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）原卷版【近年高考考情】考例1(2023•全国甲卷·C篇)28题考例2(2023·全国乙卷·A篇)23题考例3(2020•全国Ⅰ卷·A篇)21题考例4(2023•全国乙卷·C篇)28题考例5(2023•新高考I卷·A篇)22题考例6(2020•全国Ⅲ卷•D篇)34题考例7(2023•浙江1月卷•A篇)23题考例8(2022•新高考II卷•A篇)22题考例9(2022•全国乙卷•A篇)22题考例10(2020•新高考卷•A篇)21题【实用解题妙招】 细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。题型一 直接信息题直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。“带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。考例1(2023•全国甲卷·C篇)28题Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder’sSophie’sWorld.Itwasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy(哲学).28.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?A.Foucault. B.EricWeiner.C.JosteinGaarder. D.Acollegeteacher.考例2(2023·全国乙卷·A篇)23RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831-1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?A.JacquelineFelicedeAlmania. B.TanYunxian.C.JamesBarry. D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.考例3(2020•全国Ⅰ卷·A篇)21题AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.21.Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?A.Call131617.B.Visittranslink.com.au.C.Askatthelocalstation.D.Checkthetrainschedule.题型二 间接信息题间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息,例如,使用book对文中的reserve进行同义转换。考例4(2023•全国乙卷·C篇)28题Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.30.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.考例5(2023•新高考I卷·A篇)22题GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)…22.Howmanypartsisastudent’sfinalgrademadeupof?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.考例6(2020•全国Ⅲ卷•D篇)34题Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.同义词复现:astonished与amazed为同义词。高频同义转换（动词类）book=reserve=orderconduct=carryoutplease=amuse=entertainimprove=promoteguarantee=ensuredocument=recordruin=destroy=damage=violatedeclare=announce=informdivide=separate=partwithcomplete=fulfill=accomplish=achievedelay=putoff=postponegive=supply=provide=offerencourage=motivate=stimulate=spurreject=refuse=turndown=declinereceive=acceptsee=observe=notice=spotsearch=exploreconnect=link=relate=associatediscourage=frustraterent=hireprove=turnoutremove=getridofadmire=appreciatepossess=owndecide=determine=resolvetodoget=obtain=acquire=gain=possess高频同义转换（名词类）data=statisticsnovel=fictionfeature=characteristicscareer=occupationmanners=etiquettegratitude=appreciationexperiment=trialpersonality=characterstress=pressureorigin=pioneercircumstance=environment=atmospherecreation=innovationachievement=recognitionoption=choice=selectionmaterial=resourceluggage=baggage=packagerule=regulation=principledirection=discipline=guidelinecolleague=coworkeressay=passage=article=textapproach=way=method=means高频同义转换（形容词副词类）delicious=tastyattentive=focusedoriginal=initialfinal=eventualobvious=evident=Strikingaccurate=exactauthentic=true=genuinethrilling=frighteningthrilled=excitedtime-honored=hasalonghistorydull=boringdaring=braveextra=additionalglad=pleased=delightedtouched=movedaccessible=available=athandappropriate=proper=suitableappealing=attractivecomplex=complicatedsafe=secure高频同义转换（高频短语类）aheadoftime=inadvance=previousplacesofinterest=touristattractionresultin=leadto=contributetobeac